Fact-Checking the Lunar Legend: Did Anyone Ever Truly Believe the Moon Was Made of Green Cheese?
To understand the idiom, modern readers must shed the assumption that "green" referred to color. In Early Modern English and Middle English idioms, "green" meant young, unseasoned, or unaged, precisely how people still describe a rookie worker as "green" or wet timber as "green wood."
Historically, green cheese referred to cheese eaten within days of curdling. Cheesemakers separated fresh curds and whey, drained the mass through coarse linen, salted it lightly, and served it immediately. Unlike hard, aged cheeses like Cheddar or Parmesan, which cured in cellars for months until dry and firm, green cheese remained moist, soft, and perishable. It resembled modern cottage cheese, fresh farmer cheese, or ricotta.
Because it retained high moisture, a round of fresh green cheese was pale, slightly wobbly, and prone to indentations. If placed on a board, its uneven surface mirrored the mottled topography of the full moon. Calling the moon a "green cheese" drew on this specific texture: soft, newly made, and plainly impossible to suspend in the celestial heavens.